Don’t Stay in the Expensive Blind Spot of Stigmas

By Rodolfo Giacoman, Fatigue Specialist, Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance 

When talking with motor carrier representatives about the two key components of a fatigue management program (FMP), I always feel confident they understand when I describe one of them: the fatigue risk management system (FRMS). They comprehend the processes and controls to identify, assess and counteract risks. But when I address the other component, the safety culture, many times I hit a blind spot.  

Culture is defined as a shared set of values, attitudes and behaviors. And changing culture is no trivial task. One reason is that as individuals and as a society, we carry values, attitudes and behaviors, some of which have remained consistent from when we were small children because they have been passed down through generations. They’re ingrained in our minds, our organizations and our leaders. Some of those values, attitudes and behaviors are negative toward individuals or groups based on perceived or actual characteristics that are deemed undesirable or deviate from the norm. These are called stigmas.  

Five stigmas in particular can be ingrained in motor carrier culture: 

1. Sleep Stigma 

Valuing sleep is often seen as a sign of weakness or inefficiency. Drivers may feel pressured to push through fatigue to meet deadlines, increasing the risk of crashes. They may think or say things like: 

• "Real drivers don't need much sleep – they can push through fatigue." 
• "Taking naps during breaks is a sign of weakness or laziness." 
• "Drivers who complain about being tired just can't handle the job." 
• "Sleep issues are a personal problem, not a safety concern for the company." 
• "Reporting fatigue will just get you labeled as unreliable." 

2. Obesity 
Obese drivers are often stigmatized, facing potential discrimination and judgment. This can discourage seeking necessary medical attention and contribute to poor metabolic health outcomes, impacting driving performance. Obesity stigmas include: 

• "Losing weight will fix everything."  
• "You just need more willpower." (And, just as harmful, “I just need more willpower.”) 
• "Bigger drivers must be unhealthy." 
• "Obese drivers will increase our insurance costs and liability risks." 
• "Obese drivers are more likely to call in sick and are less productive." 

3. Mental Health 
Seeking help for mental health concerns like depression, anxiety or PTSD is often seen as a sign of weakness. The "tough guy" image prevalent in the industry discourages vulnerability and can lead to drivers struggling in silence, increasing the risk of burnout, substance use disorder and unsafe driving behaviors. Regarding mental health, some people may believe: 

• “Professional drivers don't need therapy." 
• "If you can't handle the stress, find another job." 
• "Taking time off for mental health is just an excuse." 
• "Talking about feelings is a sign of weakness in this industry." 
• "If a driver admits to depression, they're not fit to be behind the wheel." 

4. Substance Use Disorder 
Stigmatizing addiction can lead to fear of job loss and reluctance to seek treatment. This can have devastating consequences, including impaired driving, crashes and even fatalities. Common misconceptions about substance use disorder include:  

• “Everyone uses something to get by on the road." 
• "A little speed never hurt anyone." 
• "A few drinks help you unwind and sleep better." 
• "Substance abuse is a moral failing, not a health issue.” 
• "If they wanted to stop, they would; addiction is a choice." 

5. Safety Operations 
Reporting safety concerns, such as equipment malfunctions or unsafe driving practices, can be met with resistance or even retaliation. This "blame the victim" mentality discourages proactive safety reporting and creates a culture of fear, hindering efforts to improve safety. You have likely heard someone say at least one of the following: 

• "If you report every little thing, you'll never get anything done." 
• "We have a zero-tolerance policy for crashes, no matter what." 
• "If you admit to making a mistake, you're not cut out for this job." 
• "We have a reputation for being the safest; don’t jeopardize it by reporting anything." 
• "If you’re too vocal about safety, you might get labeled as someone who can’t handle the job." 

These stigmas create a culture of fear, silence and shame, hindering open communication and proactive safety measures. Moreover, these five stigmas will drive up the following seven operating costs for motor carriers: 

1. Increased crash risk due to fatigue, impaired judgment and increased reaction times. Fear of blame or retaliation can discourage reporting safety issues. 
2. High driver turnover due to driver burnout and dissatisfaction.  
3. Operational inefficiency with diminished focus, energy levels and decision-making, leading to delays, missed deadlines and decreased efficiency.   
4. Increased healthcare costs due to chronic health conditions. 
5. Increased absenteeism because of sick days due to illness or the need for treatment.  
6. Reputational damage making it harder to attract and retain drivers, build strong client relationships, and maintain a positive image in the industry. 
7. Legal and financial risks with non-compliance with hours-of-service regulations, resulting in fines and penalties; discrimination claims, resulting in legal fees and settlements; workers' compensation claims and potential lawsuits; failed drug tests; violations of safety regulations; and other legal repercussions if negligence is proven in the event of a crash or injury.  

What Can Motor Carriers Do to Get Out of These Blind Spots? 

Implementing an FMP serves as a powerful tool to address these stigmas and foster a safer, more supportive environment for drivers. Here are the key components of an effective FMP: 

• Safety Culture  
• Cultivate a culture where safety is a value (not merely a priority) and drivers feel valued and respected. This involves open communication, active listening and a commitment to driver well-being. 
• Provide comprehensive training on fatigue recognition and management techniques.   
• Educate drivers on the importance of sleep hygiene and the impact of fatigue on performance.   
• Conduct regular training sessions on mental health awareness, substance abuse prevention and metabolically healthy lifestyle choices. 
• Foster open communication channels between drivers and management.   
• Establish partnerships with industry organizations and healthcare providers to share resources and best practices. 
   
• Fatigue Risk Management System  
• Implement a system for identifying, assessing and mitigating fatigue risks.   
• Utilize predictive modeling, scheduling and routing, proactive programs, and reactive measures to address fatigue-related concerns.   
• Implement sound scheduling practices that prioritize driver rest and minimize fatigue. 
• Offer access to sleep disorder programs and use fatigue detection technologies.   
• Conduct regular risk assessments to identify and address potential hazards.   
• Develop and implement effective countermeasures to mitigate identified risks. 
• Continuously evaluate the effectiveness of the FMP and make necessary adjustments. 

The North American Fatigue Management Program (NAFMP) Module 2: Safety Culture and Management Practices will walk you through establishing a culture free of these types of stigmas. Take this free course at lms.nafmp.org  

You can use the FMP Template available at nafmp.org/webinars to get your own FMP quickly started. From there, you may also register for upcoming live FMP roadmap courses and fatigue management webinars or download the NAFMP Implementation Manual. 

Thank you for sending your questions and comments to Rodolfo.Giacoman@CVSA.org. Keep them coming.  

Sidebars 

Sidebar One 

Resources for Fighting Stigmas 

To help you address the sleep stigma, check out “Questions Drivers Must Answer About Their Sleep” in Guardian Q1 2023.  

To help you address the obesity stigma, check out “Good Nutrition Is High-Quality Fuel for Driver Alertness” and “Debunking 10 Nutrition Myths” in Guardian Q2 2023.  

To help you address the mental health and well-being stigma, check out “Emotional Well-Being for Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers and Law Enforcement Personnel” in Guardian Q3 2023.  

Sidebar Two 

Mental Health Resources 

• The 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline (988lifeline.org) provides free, confidential support 24/7 to anyone in distress via call, text or chat in English and Spanish, and videophone is available for people who are deaf or hard of hearing. Specialized services are also available for veterans and LGBTQIA+ individuals. The Lifeline can be reached via the website or by dialing or texting 988. 
• Mental Health America (mhanational.org) provides a range of resources and information on mental health, including screening tools, self-help resources and support groups. Anyone can access these resources through the website or by calling its toll-free number at 1-800-969-6642. 
• The National Alliance on Mental Health (NAMI) (nami.org) is a free peer-support service. It’s not a crisis line; callers are given empathy, respect, support and referrals to resources and local services. NAMI can be reached through its helpline at 1-800-950-6264, via text by sending “helpline” to 62640 and on its website via chat. NAMI’s website also provides a wealth of mental health support and treatment information, and the organization has free peer-led support groups (many of which are virtual). 
• The Crisis Text Line (crisistextline.org) provides free, confidential support 24/7 from live, trained volunteers. If you’re in a crisis, text HOME to 741741. You can also connect via website chat or WhatsApp.  
• If you are in Mexico, contact the Línea de la Vida at 800-911-2000 for 24/7 support or email lalineadelavida@salud.gob.mx. You can also contact Sistema Nacional de Apoyo, Consejo Psicológico e Intervención en Crisis por Teléfono, or SAPTEL, for free 24/7 support at 55-5259-8121. 
• If you are in Canada, contact Crisis Services Canada (988.ca) at 833-456-4566. For residents of Quebec, you can reach the APPELLE helpline at 866-277-3553. 

Substance Use Disorder Resources 

• The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (findtreatment.gov) provides resources and information on mental health and substance abuse treatment. The national helpline can be reached at 1-800-662-HELP. It’s a free, confidential, 24/7/365 treatment referral and information service (in English and Spanish) for individuals and families facing mental and/or substance use disorders. 
• View a list of resources from the Center for Disease Control at https://www.cdc.gov/mental-health/caring/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/mentalhealth/tools-resources/index.htm.