Emotional Well-Being for Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers and Law Enforcement Personnel

In our fast-paced society, certain professions carry unique challenges that can take a toll on emotional well-being. Commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers and law enforcement officers are two such groups. The nature of their jobs exposes them to significant stressors, such as long hours, unpredictable schedules, sleep deprivation, physical strain and limited social interaction with prolonged periods of isolation. At times, their jobs may be either overstimulating or understimulating, leaving them feeling drained. Recognizing the critical importance of emotional well-being for these professionals is paramount. It affects not only their health but also their job performance, safety and overall quality of life. 

CMV drivers and enforcement personnel also live under the pressure of knowing that their work affects highway safety and the supply chain. People’s lives and livelihoods are dependent on the performance of CMV professionals. At the end of the day, CMV drivers and enforcement personnel face the same struggles as everyone else and deserve 

to care for themselves in the best way possible. Let’s delve into the potential effects on mental health for these professionals and provide strategies and practices that individuals can employ to nurture their emotional well-being. While their roles are very different, the stressors that drivers and enforcement personnel face are more similar than you might think. 

Emotional Challenges Faced by CMV Drivers and Law Enforcement Officers 

CMV drivers and law enforcement officers face distinct challenges due to the nature of their occupations. For drivers, the relentless demands of the job, including long hours on the road, irregular schedules and tight deadlines, may lead to chronic stress, depression, fatigue and social isolation. Additionally, the sedentary nature of truck driving combined with limited access to nutritious food options can contribute to health issues, further exacerbating concerns about emotional well-being. 

Similarly, CMV enforcement officers face a unique set of stressors. They are tasked with ensuring the safety and security of our roads, often dealing with high-pressure situations, crashes and confrontations. They may witness traumatic events, work irregular shifts or be a part of additional specialized police units, leading to disrupted circadian rhythm and inadequate rest. These factors may contribute to or exacerbate anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health disorders. 

By nurturing their health, CMV drivers and CMV enforcement officials are better equipped to handle the demands of their jobs, engage in healthy coping mechanisms and build resilience to stressors. 

The Importance of Emotional Well-Being for Professional Drivers 

Addressing emotional well-being allows drivers to make sound decisions and maintain safe driving practices. Conversely, not pursuing emotional well-being may lead to fatigue, distraction and impaired judgment, increasing the risk of crashes on the road. 

CMV drivers often experience isolation, spending long hours alone on the road. This isolation can contribute to feelings of loneliness, depression and anxiety. Being away from home for long periods of time can amplify other negative feelings. Witnessing tragic, traumatizing or unsettling events on the road, such as crashes or instances of human trafficking, may further wear on drivers’ mental load. Additionally, the pressure to meet tight deadlines and navigate through congested roads can exacerbate stress levels. Over time, these factors may take a toll, affecting drivers’ ability to function optimally and enjoy a fulfilling personal life. 

In a 2012 survey on the mental health of truck drivers, almost 28% of respondents reported suffering from loneliness on the road. Additionally, 27% reported depression, 21% reported chronic sleep disturbances, 14.5% reported anxiety and 13% reported other emotional difficulties. It is clear this is a widespread issue that affects many commercial drivers. 

Some signs a professional driver may be struggling with emotional well-being include excessive tiredness and fatigue, difficulty focusing or lack of concentration, harmful or self-destructive behaviors, increased agitation, and insomnia. 

Common Problems CMV Drivers May Face 

• Depression: CMV drivers with depression might report feeling prolonged sadness, worthlessness or helplessness. People experiencing depression often pull away from those they love or lose interest in things that usually bring them joy. In an already isolating profession like trucking, distancing yourself from the people and activities you love can lead to further feelings of hopelessness or sadness, creating a cyclical pattern. 
• Anxiety: The stress that comes with the life of a CMV driver may lead to feelings of dread, apprehension or excessive worry. Concerns about what’s going on at home, the tight schedule to drop off a load or unexpected road closures that delay a trip may all add anxiety, making it even more challenging to do the job. Though veteran drivers certainly aren’t exempt from experiencing anxiety, it is prevalent among newer drivers who, on top of the challenges all drivers face, are also adjusting to a new lifestyle and may be worried about managing a CMV, making money or other aspects of the job. 
• Chronic loneliness: Drivers spend hours – or even days – alone in their CMVs with limited interaction with other people. Longhaul and intrastate drivers, in particular, spend large chunks of time away from their family and friends, often missing events, holidays or other special occasions they’d like to celebrate with loved ones. 

Strategies for Practicing Emotional Well-Being for Drivers 

Although the stressors of the job may make it difficult, professional drivers can improve their mental wellness by making it a focus and priority in their lives. 

• Foster social connections: Maintaining a support network is crucial for drivers. Regular communication with loved ones and fellow drivers may help combat feelings of isolation.  Utilize technology to stay connected through phone calls, video chats and social media platforms (never while driving, of course).  Visit http://www.nafmp.org/webinars to check out the Nurturing Positive Relationships webinar from the North American Fatigue Management Program (NAFMP) to learn how positive relationships can help lower stress and increase life quality and expectancy. 
• Prioritize rest and sleep: Adequate rest is essential for mental well-being. Establish a consistent sleep routine, ensuring you get the recommended six to nine hours of sleep each night. Create a comfortable sleeping environment in your CMV, including blackout curtains and earplugs, to promote quality rest.  Try to keep the same sleep schedule when at home. 
• Practice self-care: Engage in activities that promote relaxation and self-care. This may include exercising regularly, practicing mindfulness or meditation techniques, reading, listening to music, or pursuing hobbies.  Taking breaks during long hauls to stretch, breathe deeply or engage in a favorite activity can rejuvenate the mind. 
• Learn stress management techniques, such as meditation, breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation or visualization.  These techniques can help alleviate stress and anxiety during challenging situations.  You don’t have to figure out how to do it alone, either; there are numerous meditation and relaxation apps, available for free, that may be done in the privacy of your home or in your cab after a day of driving. 
• Healthy diet and hydration: Eating nutritious meals and staying hydrated can positively impact emotional well-being.  Plan and prepare meals ahead of time, incorporating fruits, vegetables, whole grains and proteins. Avoid excessive caffeine and sweetened beverages, which can contribute to mood swings and energy crashes.  Watch webinars from NAFMP at www.nafmp.org/webinars to learn about nutrition and food choices, as well as topics like exercise and mindfulness. 
• Utilize employee assistance programs and seek professional help: Many companies offer employee assistance programs that provide confidential counseling services and resources for mental health support.  Take advantage of these programs to access professional assistance, when needed. If you experience persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety or stress that impact your daily life, consider seeking professional help. Therapists or counselors can provide valuable guidance and coping strategies tailored to your specific needs. CMV drivers may have trouble keeping in-person therapy appointments, so look into telehealth options. 

How Fleets Can Support Drivers’ Well-Being 

CMV drivers may sometimes put on the mask of being “tough” and unaffected by emotional stresses, which doesn’t leave much room for open discussions about mental health. But fleets can encourage drivers to take off that mask, paying more attention to emotional well-being and how it influences health and work performance. 

• Pick up the phone: Often, fleets communicate with their drivers digitally, such as online check-in forms, text messages and emails. A lot of nuance and emotion can be lost through these means. Although it may take a little longer, fleet managers should take the time to talk to their drivers on the phone on occasion and check in with how they are feeling. This can be as simple as asking what was stressful about their day or what they’re looking forward to when they return home. Better yet, if you can see your drivers in person, take the time to do that.  
• Question anger: Stress and anxiety are sneaky and may come off as anger, especially for people used to putting on a brave face.  Anger is often a surface emotion; it is easier to show anger than to admit you are feeling lonely or scared. If a driver has been more short-tempered than they normally are, it can be easy to write it off as an attitude problem.  Instead of matching that emotion or snapping back at them, try to connect with the driver to understand the root of the issue.  
• Bring in a third party: Incorporate driver counseling and emotional well-being training into your programs. This could look like company-wide training on coping and problem-solving skills to reduce stigma around these topics. You could also ensure therapy is offered as part of your employee assistance program. 

The Importance of Emotional Well-Being for CMV Enforcement Officers 

CMV enforcement officers are responsible for promoting road safety, enforcing regulations and responding to emergencies on highways and roads. While their work is essential, it may expose them to traumatic incidents, long working hours and physical exhaustion. The cumulative effect of these factors can lead to mental health challenges, such as anxiety, depression and burnout. Ignoring these disorders may harm the officers’ mental health and compromise their ability to perform their duties effectively. 

Common Problems CMV Enforcement Officers May Face 

Law enforcement officers may experience a full range of mental health concerns. In addition to experiencing similar risk factors, stressors and life situations as other adults, officers are usually exposed to more stressful situations than the average person. As a result, many officers may spend more time in a heightened mental state than adults working in other professions. 

Although statistics are not available specifically on mental health and CMV law enforcement personnel, many applicable studies are available regarding police officers in general.  

In one 2020 survey: 

• Estimates of PTSD and depression among police officers are as high as 35%. 
• The study found that 47% of police officers screened positive for PTSD. That is a prevalence nine to 10 times greater than the general population. Also, 29% had moderate to severe anxiety. That’s two times greater than the general population. 
• Officers with five to 10 years of law enforcement experience have a more heightened risk for symptoms of depression and PTSD compared to those with less than five or more than 10 years on the job.  
• Lastly, 37% of the surveyed police officers had moderate to very severe depression, about five times greater than the general population. 
• Depression: Officers with depression might appear hopeless, disinterested in hobbies or disengaged/distanced from loved ones. Look out for behaviors such as an officer who suddenly begins taking unnecessary risks on and off duty or a shift in attitude and demeanor, like a change from motivated, professional behavior to apathetic and flippant. 
• Anxiety: Feeling anxious is common and normal during a law enforcement officer’s course of duty. However, anxiety may be a problem when it is overwhelming, uncontrollable or interferes with daily activities. Symptoms of anxiety include feeling nervous, panicked, tense, on edge or restless. It may be difficult to tell if another person is feeling anxious. Sometimes, it may look like anger, irritability or lack of empathy. 
• PTSD: Law enforcement officers are regularly exposed to traumatic events, which may lead to PTSD. This disorder can impair well-being and performance and lead to behavioral problems, substance abuse, aggression or suicide. Police officers often suffer from cumulative PTSD (also known as “Complex PTSD”) due to repeated exposure to trauma. Symptoms of PTSD in law enforcement officers may include nausea, fatigue, chest pain, insomnia, excessive sweating, impaired thinking and flashbacks. 

How CMV Enforcement Officers Can Practice Emotional Well-Being 

• Get out ahead of it: Due to the stigma of talking with a counselor, officers may wait until unresolved trauma becomes a more significant issue. Law enforcement officers must get ahead of stressors before they develop post-traumatic stress injury.  The sooner these injuries are treated by a competent counselor who specializes in trauma, the quicker the person will heal.  
• Practice self-care: Prioritize self-care by taking regular breaks, engaging in physical exercise and getting enough sleep. Spend time with loved ones and participate in enjoyable activities and hobbies. Practicing mindfulness and relaxation techniques, like meditation and yoga, are also valuable selfcare strategies. Many meditation, yoga and other relaxation apps are available for free and your activity on them is private. 
• Prioritize physical health: CMV enforcement officers need to prioritize sleep, nutrition and exercise. Officers can start small by increasing their water intake, packing nutritious foods in their lunch and going for walks. Get up to date on yearly appointments and follow up on action items. 
• Lean on your loved ones: An officer’s family and friends want to offer support. Although telling loved ones all the details of a traumatic  event may not always be appropriate, it is important to be vulnerable and let them in.  Communicate feelings, wants and needs with trusted loved ones. 
• Reflect: It may be tempting to shut out the negative feelings associated with stress and work trauma, but it often feels better to let it out. In addition to opening up to friends and family, start a written journal or even utilize the voice note function on your phone. Communicating your feelings and experiences can help make sense of them. 

Agency Strategies for Officer Well-Be  

• Promote a supportive work environment: Law enforcement agencies should foster a work culture that encourages open communication, empathy and support. This can be achieved by checking in regularly with officers, providing access to resources, and promoting teamwork and camaraderie among colleagues. Establishing peer support programs can be highly beneficial in helping CMV enforcement officers cope with the challenges they face. These programs involve trained peers who can provide emotional support, guidance and understanding to their colleagues. Peer support creates a safe space for officers to discuss their experiences and seek advice from individuals who understand the unique demands of their job. CVSA events can be a great way for CMV enforcement officers to meet those with similar experiences and share strategies for wellbeing.  Visit www.cvsa.org/events to view upcoming events. 
• Provide training and education: Comprehensive training can equip CMV enforcement officers with the necessary tools to cope with stress, trauma and adversity. This training should include stress-management techniques, communication skills, resilience-building strategies and awareness of available resources for seeking professional help with mental illness. 
• Encourage a reasonable work-life balance: Encouraging a healthy work-life balance is vital for maintaining emotional well-being. Agencies can implement policies that promote reasonable work hours, adequate time off and flexible scheduling when feasible. These measures allow officers to engage in activities outside of work that help them relax, recharge and spend time with their loved ones.  
• Recognize the impacts of understaffing on officers: During the ongoing nationwide staffing shortage, it is essential to emphasize emotional well-being and self-care for officers. Researchers found that officers were 28% more likely to seek help for symptoms related to mental illness when they had received an extra hour of sleep; thus, it is imperative to better understand the impact of shift work and sleep deprivation on officers.  
• Offer wellness services: Agencies should ensure CMV enforcement officers can access confidential mental health services easily. This may include providing regular check-ins, counseling services and resources for self-care. It may be worth looking into therapists or counselors specifically trained to help police officers.  Removing barriers, reducing stigma and emphasizing the importance of seeking help will encourage officers to prioritize their emotional well-being.  

Creating a Better Future 

Recognizing the importance of emotional well-being for professional drivers and CMV enforcement officers is paramount for their health, job performance and overall safety.  By acknowledging and addressing the unique challenges faced by these professionals, we can work toward creating a supportive environment that encourages open conversations, reduces stigma and promotes the adoption of healthy coping strategies.  Prioritizing emotional well-being not only benefits individuals in these professions but also contributes to safer roads and a healthier society, as a whole. In a culture that isn’t always open about discussing mental health concerns, it’s important to fight the stigma and remember that struggling with emotional well-being is nothing to be ashamed of.  

If you or somebody you know is struggling or in crisis, help is available.  

Call or text 988 or visit www.988lifeline.org for free, confidential, 24/7 support. 

This service is available in English and Spanish, and interpreters are available for more than 240 additional languages and dialects. 

Incorporate driver counseling and supervisor training into your programs. This could look like company-wide training on coping and problem-solving skills to reduce stigma around these topics. 

This article is for informational purposes only and was not written by a licensed medical professional. The content in this article is not intended to be a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis or treatment from a medical professional.  If you have questions about your mental health, emotional well-being or any medical matter, you should consult your doctor or other professional health care provider. 

WHAT IS BURNOUT? 

Burnout is a state of emotional, mental and physical exhaustion brought on by prolonged or repeated stress. Physical and mental exhaustion, dread about work, frequent feelings of cynicism, anger or irritability are key signs. Feeling like you can no longer do your job effectively may also signal burnout. 

For additional information on wellness and meditation, check out the accompanying article on page 20, Mindfulness: The Road to a Productive Journey, and watch the NAFMP wellness webinar (www.nafmp.org/webinars) featuring CVSA staff members Rodolfo Giacoman and Emily Moorhead.  

Meditation timestamps in webinar:  

Breath and Body Scan: 22:18 

Positive Affirmations: 43:50 

Loving Kindness: 1:01:10  

GROUNDING MINI-MEDITATION 

While meditation is not a substitute for professional mental health care, it can complement other strategies for a holistic approach to well-being. Try out this mini-meditation when you feel anxious, spacey, or can’t mentally slow down or rest. It will help you to feel more grounded and present. 

• Find a comfortable seat and take three deep breaths in through your nose and sigh out through your mouth. Try to make the duration of the breaths longer each time.  
• Bring to mind the following, naming them aloud if you are in a space where you can do so. Go with your instinct on your answers – you don’t need to think hard about this. It’s all about being in the present moment. Call out the following:  
• Five things you can see 
• Four things you can hear 
• Three things you can feel or touch 
• Two things you can smell 
• One thing you can taste 
• As you release the meditation, begin to move your body. Open and close your hands, shift around in your seat and wiggle your toes. Perhaps you say to yourself or aloud, “I am here in the present moment, and I am grounded.”